Droughts and farms’ financial performance: a farm‐level study in New Zealand

We quantify the impacts of droughts in New Zealand on the profitability of dairy, sheep and beef farms using a comprehensive administrative database of all farms in New Zealand. For dairy farms, we found that drought events have positive impacts on dairy farms’ revenue and profit in the year of the drought. This effect is most likely attributable to drought‐induced increases in the export price of milk solids, as New Zealand is the market maker in this global market and almost all domestic dairy production is exported. All of these quantified impacts, however, are not very large, suggesting that, at this point in time, droughts have a fairly moderate impact on New Zealand dairy and sheep–beef businesses.     

内蒙古羊肉供求实证分析

通过供求理论结合产业特征分析，确定影响羊肉供求的主要因素，构建供求模型，研究发现：供给主要决定于上期价格和出栏率，需求主要决定于本期价格、居民收入和猪肉价格；对于价格而言，供给缺乏弹性，而需求富有弹性；羊肉需求收入弹性大于1，羊肉属于肉类消费中的高档品。羊肉特别是活羊的最低保护价，科技示范推广，以及品牌建设，是牧区实现草原生态保护前提下增加牧民收入的关键因素。     

日伪时期"华北绵羊改进会"及其活动述论

1932年3月伪满洲国成立后,日本为了进行日、满、朝鲜的绵羊增殖改良事业,于1934年4月设立了日满绵羊协会。卢沟桥事变后,日满绵羊协会的活动范围扩大,涉及到了华北及蒙疆地区。1938年7月,日满绵羊协会改称东亚绵羊协会,负责实施日本、伪满洲国、朝鲜及新占领地华北、蒙疆地区的的绵羊改良事务。1940年10月,日本在北京设立了华北绵羊改进会,指导华北地区的绵羊改良事业,目的是为其对外侵略战争提供急需的战略资源羊毛。     

山东省肉羊规模化养殖现状分析与发展对策

肉羊规模化养殖是未来肉羊养殖发展的必然趋势。基于对《山东统计年鉴》与《中国畜牧业年鉴》(1997—2017)中涉及到的肉羊统计数据与畜牧局提供的相关数据进行归纳整理,描述性分析了山东省肉羊生产现状、山东省肉羊规模化养殖场(户)的现状、山东省肉羊规模化养殖的结构现状,对当前山东省肉羊规模化养殖的发展现状与存在的问题进行相关分析研究。结果表明,在当前肉羊养殖规模结构变迁、散户退出明显的背景下,肉羊规模化养殖的完善既有助于避免生产资料的浪费,缓解农村劳动力就业压力,又是肉羊养殖场(户)实现集约化经营与获得规模效益的必然选择,也是山东省实现由养羊大省向养羊强省转变的必要前提。为此肉羊养殖农户应增强自身养殖技能和管理水平、积极参加肉羊养殖合作社;加强养殖环境污染治理,建立健全疫病防控体系;制定相应的产业政策,提高规模化养殖程度等措施。     

肉羊养殖技术效率测算与地区差异研究

目的 明晰我国肉羊养殖成本收益情况,测算肉羊养殖技术效率,比较分析地区差异。方法 文章基于BC92随机前沿分析模型,测算2004—2020年我国农区、牧区及半农半牧区家庭散养肉羊、规模户山羊与绵羊的技术效率。结果 （1）饲料与人工投入对我国肉羊活重产出有显著的促进作用。（2）当前而言,我国家庭散养肉羊的养殖技术效率高于规模养殖,而改良绵羊规模养殖的技术效率高于本种绵羊和山羊。（3）我国牧区家庭散养肉羊的养殖技术效率最高,半农半牧区其次,农区最低。山羊与绵羊规模养殖的技术效率则是牧区高于半农半牧区。结论 增加基础要素投入,优化饲料与人工资源配置效率。推进肉羊规模养殖现代化,研发推广肉羊优良品种,刺激生产前沿面外扩。完善牧区养殖示范基地建设,辐射带动农区与半农半牧区肉羊产业发展。坚持创新驱动发展,建立健全肉羊产业优惠政策体系。     

嘉祥县肉羊交易市场的发展现状、影响因素与对策

肉羊交易市场的稳定发展对肉羊产业发展具有很大的促进作用.通过问卷调研分析嘉祥县肉羊交易市场发展现状,利用层次分析法从肉羊交易市场、市场交易双方和政府支持3个层次进一步研究探讨了肉羊交易市场发展的影响因素,并提出相应的对策建议.     

An economic analysis of sheep flock structures for mixed enterprise Australian farm businesses

A strategic question facing many mixed enterprise broadacre farm businesses in Australia is, ‘What sheep flock size and structure is most profitable to complement the farm’s cropping enterprises?' This study answers this question for a typical large mixed enterprise farm business in a key production region of Australia. Whole‐farm bioeconomic modelling, combined with broad‐ranging sensitivity analysis, is used to examine the profitability of different sheep flock structures and sizes. We find the most profitable flock structure is to run Merino ewes and turn off finished Merino or first‐cross lambs. The profitable selection of these flocks is robust to commodity price variation but does require the farmer to give more attention to sheep management. The correct choice of flock structure greatly adds to farm profit. A farm based on cropping and a self‐replacing Merino flock using surplus ewes for first‐cross, meat lamb production earns 33 per cent more profit than a similar farm that runs a traditional self‐replacing Merino flock that emphasises wool production. Of far less importance than flock structure, as a source of additional profit, is to increase flock size or adjust cropping intensity.     

我国证券投资基金市场发展现状及存在的问题

基金市场是我国资本市场的重要组成部分，而证券投资基金则是我国资本市场中最为重要的机构投资者。揭示基金行业所存在的问题并采取措施予以有效的解决不仅关系到该行业未来的发展，还对中国资本市场的稳定至关重要。文章回顾和分析了我国基金行业的发展历程及其现状，指出了其在发展过程中所暴露出的若干问题，并针对所存在的问题提出了政策措施建议。     

基于自然禀赋的肉羊产业集聚分析

自然禀赋的区域差异是影响肉羊产业集聚的重要因素,主要体现在对肉羊产业区位的选择、载畜量的上限、肉羊产业集聚的时空结构及对屠宰加工等环节的吸引力等方面。实证分析表明,肉羊产业在大农区和大牧区的集聚程度较高。伴随着肉羊产业集聚程度的逐渐提高,全国几大牧区的牧草地资源却呈现出持续减少的趋势。本文认为,问题的关键不在集聚本身,而在于促进肉羊产业集聚的过程中,如何正确处理经济效益、社会效益和生态效益的关系。     

In-group favoritism or black sheep effect? The moderating role of norm strength on destination residents’ responses towards deviant behaviors

Drawing on social identity theory and focus theory of norms, this study investigated differences in how destination residents respond to deviant behaviors by other residents—members of their in-group—and similar behavior by tourists, who they see as the out-group. We proposed and tested a conceptual model of the transition between in-group favoritism and the black sheep effect under the moderating effect of norm strength. A mixed-method approach, including a secondary data study and three scenario-based experiments, was applied. Findings of this study revealed that focal residents showed in-group favoritism for other residents' deviant behavior compared with tourists. The contagion effect of deviant behavior was stronger among in-groups than out-groups. However, with respect to behaviors about which norms are tight, the black sheep effect comes into play, as focal residents hold a higher desire to punish in-groups’ deviant behavior than the out-group. This study has theoretical and practical implications for destination marketing organizations.